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#1 Labor Begins on its Own (Lamaze Paper)
Amis, Debby, RN, BSN, CD(DONA), LCCE, FACCE, Revised September 2003
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#2 Freedom of Movement Throughout Labor (Lamaze paper)
Shilling, Teri, MS, IBCLC, CD(DONA), LCCE, FACCE, Joyce DiFranco, RN, BSN, LCCE, FACCE |
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#3 Continuous Labor Support (Lamaze Paper)
Hotelling, Barbara, RN BSN, CD(DONA), LCCE, FACCE, Debby Amis, RN, BSN, CD(DONA), LCCE, FACCE, Jeanne Green, MT, CD(DONA), LCCE, FACCE |
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#4 No Routine Interventions (Lamaze Paper)
Lothian, Judy, RN, PhD, LCCE, FACCE, Debby Amis, RN BSN, CD(DONA), LCCE, FACCE, Jeannette Crenshaw, RN, MSN, IBCLC, LCCE, FACCE |
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#5 Non-Supine (e.g., Upright or Side-Lying) Positions for Birth (Lamaze Paper)
Ken, Ruth, CNM, MPH, LCCE, FACCE, Joyce DiFranco, RN, BSN, LCCE, FACCE, Debby Amis, RN, BSN, CD(DONA), LCCE, FACCE |
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#6 No Separation of Mother and Baby After Birth with Unlimited Opportunity for Breastfeeding (Lamaze Paper)
Crenshaw, Jeannette, RN, MSN, IBCLC, LCCE, FACCE |
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ACOG (1988) Statement of Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring. ACOG Newsletter 32(11): 5 |
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ACOG (1995) Technical Bulletin 207 |
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Benefits of a Doula Present at the Birth of a Child
Pediatrics 2004;114;1488-1491
Martin T. Stein, John H. Kennell and Ann Fulcher
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Bryanton, Janet, et al. (1994) Women's Perspective of Nursing Support During Labor. JOGNN 23(8): 638-644 |
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Continuous emotional support during labor in a
US hospital. A randomized controlled trial.
J. Kennell, M. Klaus, S. McGrath, S. Robertson and C. Hinkley
Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
JAMA, May 1991; 265: 2197 – 2201.
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Continuous support for women during childbirth
Hodnett ED, Gates S, Hofmeyr GJ, Sakala C
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Community-Based Doulas: A Good Investment in the Future By Jane Fonda, The Huffington Post, July 9, 2009 |
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Doula study in the July 2008 issue of BIRTH Magazine
A randomized controlled trial of continuous labor support for middle-class
couples: effect on cesarean delivery rates.
SK McGrath and JH Kennell
Birth, June 1, 2008; 35(2): 92-7.
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The Dangerous Practice of Early Clamping of the Umbilical Cord,
"Another thing very injurious to the child, is the tying and cutting of the navel string too soon; which should always be left till the child has not only repeatedly breathed but till all pulsation in the cord ceases. As otherwise the child is much weaker than it ought to be, a portion of the blood being left in the placenta, which ought to have been in the child." |
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Doula CPT Codes |
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DONA and Third Party Reimbursements |
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Doula Letter To Clients About Reimbursement |
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Doula Reimbursement Forms |
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Doulas: Professional Labor Support |
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Episiotomy Poses Harms to Mothers, JAMA Study, May 4, 2005
By Katherine Hartmann and colleagues |
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Fein, Elizabeth, Z. (1994) Keeping Expert Nurses Expert. MCN 19: 305-308 |
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Forms for a Doula Business |
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Get Your Baby Lined Up! Optimum Foetal Positioning |
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Getting Reimbursement for VBAC Clients |
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Hodnett, Ellen. (1996) Nursing Support of the Laboring Woman. JOGNN 25(3): 257-264 |
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Hofmeger, G. J. et al. (1994) Companionship to Modify the Clinical Birth Environment: Effect on Progress and Perceptions of Labor and Breastfeeding. Br J Obstet Gyn 98: 756-64 |
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Kane, A. (1996) Childbirth and Aromatherapy Int J Childbirth Ed 12(14): 14-15 |
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Klaus, M. H., Kennel, J. K. et al. (1986) Effect of Social Support During Parturition on Maternal and Infant Morbidity. B Med J 293: 585-87 |
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Ludka, Leslie M. et al. (1993) Eating and Drinking in Labor - A Literature Review. Journal of Nurse Midwifery 38(4): 199-207; also ACNM Clinical Bulletin 3, 1998 |
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"Mothers aren't behind a vogue for caesareans," By Gene Declercq and Judy Norsigian | April 3, 2006
"TOO POSH to push." The headline, which originated in British tabloids, has been used to capture what is claimed as a trend toward an increasing number of medically elective caesareans requested by upper-class mothers. A just concluded National Institutes of Health meeting on the topic of ''Maternal Request Caesareans," both by the mere title of the conference and its draft report, suggests such a trend exists and that it contributes to a record caesarean rate in the United States. |
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My Doula is a Dude, By: Tsafi Sa'ar |
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Manges, T., Bechel, G., Rami, J. (2000) Caring Behavior by Nurses: Women's Perceptions During Childbirth. JOGNN 27(2): 153-57 |
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Mohi, B., Sandall, J. et al. (1999) Effects of Female Relative Support in Labor: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Birth 26(1): 4-8 |
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Mother Friendly Nurse Recognition |
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Optimum Foetal Positioning: Ideas from a Shiatsu teacher specialising in pregnancy care: Shiatsu and Optimum Foetal Positioning, by Suzanne Yates. |
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Optimum Foetal Positioning: Randomised controlled trial of effect of hands and knees posturing on incidence of occiput posterior position at birth, BMJ.com |
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Optimal Foetal Positioning: HomeBirth Reference Site. Get Your Baby Lined Up! Optimum Foetal Positioning. 'Optimal Foetal Positioning' is a theory developed by a midwife, Jean Sutton, and Pauline Scott, an antenatal teacher, who found that the mother's position and movement could influence the way her baby lay in the womb in the final weeks of pregnancy. Many difficult labours result from 'malpresentation', where the baby's position makes it hard for the head to move through the pelvis, so changing the way the baby lies could make birth easier for mother and child.
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Optimal Fetal Positioning |
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Olson, S. (1998): Bedside Musical Care: Applications in Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Neonatal Care. JOGNN 27(5): 569-75 |
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Episiotomy Poses Harms to Mothers, JAMA Study, May 4, 2005, By Katherine Hartmann and colleagues |
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Probst, M. G., Schenk, L. K., Hill, S. (1995) Empowering Birth Attendants With Knowledge of the Essential Structure of Caring During the Birth Experience. J of Perinat Ed 6(3): 11-17 |
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Risk of Cesarean Section Following Elective Induction is Influenced by Choice of Physician
Luthy, D.A., Malmgren, J.A., & Lingheim, R.W. (2004), Cesarean delivery after elective induction in nulliparous women: The physician effect. |
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Risk of Cesarean Section Following Elective Induction is Influenced by Choice of Physician
Luthy, D.A., Malmgren, J.A., & Lingheim, R.W. (2004), Cesarean delivery after elective induction in nulliparous women: The physician effect. |
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Rothman, Barbara. (1996) Women, Providers, and Control. JOGNN 25(3): 253-256 |
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Routine Suctioning Before Delivery of the Shoulders of Meconium-Stained Infants Does Not Prevent Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Vain, N.E., Szyld, E.G., Prudent, L.M., Wiswell, T.E., Aguilar, A.M., & Vivas, N.I. (2004) Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal suctioning of meconium-stained neonates before delivery of their shoulders: multicentre, randomised controlled trial. |
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Safety of Alternative Approaches to Childbirth
A dissertation submitted to the department of sociology and the committee on graduate studies of Stanford University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy
Peter F. Schlenzka
March 1999 |
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Simkin, P. (1991) Just Another Day in a Woman's Life? Women's Long-Term Perception of Their First Birth Experience. Birth 18: 203-210 |
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Simkin, P. (1992) The Labor Support Person: Latest Addition to the Maternity Care System? Int J Childbirth Ed 7(1): 19-24 |
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Stillerman, Elaine, L.M.T. (Sept./Oct. 2000) Mothermassage. Touch for Happier, Healthier Pregnancies. Massage, 87: 82-95 |